For instance, clinker can be easily replaced with materials generated as byproducts of other industries such as fly ash from thermal power plants and blastfurnace slag. Epa researches and evaluates the feasibility of running vehicles on nonpetroleum fuels, such as alcohol fuels. In addition, energy sources such as these could partially replace the use of what is considered as the major factor responsible for global warming and the. The emission limit values shall be set by national authorities based on best available techniques for the relevant industrial sector. The objective of this study was a quantitative analysis of the energy, environmental and greenhouse gas effects of replacing fossil by alternative fuels in cement production. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies gives an overview of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. These links, product descriptions, and prices may change over time. Renewable energy sources such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biomass from wastes or hydrogen are subject of great interest in the current energy scene. Alternative fuels and potential material compatibility issues. The overall objective of the study is to promote increased utilization of beneficial use.
Chapter 3 conventional fuels and alternative fuels 31 3. While strides are being made in the research and development of environmentally acceptable and more sustainable alternative fuels. Volume 1 the logical structure and the descriptive link between theory and practice make the book a successful reference work for both professionals and those interested in entering the field of afr. Cement sector trends in beneficial use of alternative. The book addresses several material flows, including iron, steel, aluminum and other metals, pulp and paper, plastics, glass. Kare helge karstensen chief scientist, foundation for scientific and industrial research sintef, norway, and asian institute of technology, thailand. Cement sector trends in beneficial use of alternative fuels. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry volume 1 dirk lechtenberg, dr. Different source materials place different demands on the technology. Most vehicles run on fossil fuels, and this presents a major emissions problem as demand for fuel continues to increase. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. Alternative fuels used in transportation for the teacher. Coprocessing of alternative fuels and raw materials and treatment.
The pieringer group, operating on international markets, has recognised the trend early and has been selling highly calorific. The pieringer group, operating on international markets, has recognised the trend early and has been selling highly calorific secondary fuels and alternative fuels for years. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies is a standard reference for professionals, engineers, and researchers in the automotive sector, as well as vehicle manufacturers, fuel system developers, and academics with an interest in this field. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 published on jul 5, 2012 excerpts taken from the alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry. Reference clinker was obtained from 77% limestone, 11% sandy clays, 11% fatty clays and 1% iron scales. The use of alternative fuels and raw materials afr for cement and clinker production is certainly of high importance for the cement manufacturer but also for society as a whole.
Alternative fuels are a wellestablished aspect of cement kiln operation worldwide. Alternative fuel vehicles and home library of congress. The concept of a circular economy is growing in influence and as a result the cement production process has begun to. Handbook of alternative fuel technologies green chemistry. Companion manual 2 epactauthorized alternative fuels include methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 by. Environmental damage fossil fuel emissions from vehicles damage the environment and contribute to air pollution. In doing this, they help us make our existing energy supplies last longer and give us more time before we run out of stored fossil and atomic. Cement sector trends in beneficial use of alternative fuels and raw materials 6 executive summary objective this report analyzes recent trends in beneficial use of alternative fuels and raw materials afr in cement production. The aim of this document is to provide background information on the cement industry and cement manufacturing technology, and to determine best available techniques for the installations for production of cement. For the mena cement sector, key points for an environmentfriendly industry are use of continue reading. We use alternative raw materials for the production of clinker, which is the most important. This guide lists relevant sources of information on alternative fuel vehicles and includes electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and personal transportation vehicles, as well as the technology of fuel economy and alternative fuels.
Effects of alternative fuels and raw materials in sustainable. It will follow a dualtrack program focusing on alternative fuels waste to energy, municipal waste, rdf, agricultural residues, paper, pulp waste and alternative raw materials slag, flyash, pozzolana, gathering international attendees and toplevel speakers to share global opportunities, practices, technologies, and perspectives. In doing this, they help us make our existing energy supplies last longer and give us more time before we run out of stored fossil and atomic fuels. A musthave for decision makers in the cement and lime industry, as well as scientists and engineers working in the field of waste processing and. Cement manufacturing is a very emissionsintensive process. Residues derived from the forest industries normally do have alternative outlets, as chips for pulp manufacture, raw materials for particleboard and fibreboard manufacture and as fuelwood and building materials to local inhabitants all dependent on market location and demand. These fuels contribute to the reduction of prices and dependence on fossil fuels. Coprocessing of alternative fuels and raw materials and. Also known as nonconventional fuels highly oxidized, sulphur free, environmental friendly any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than. Other alternative fuels chapter 2 basic fuel theory chemical composition combustion properties volatility. Alternative fuel use in cement manufacturing 4 executive summary tackling climate change by reducing greenhouse gas ghg emissions is an urgent global priority. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163.
Sourced from renewable biomass or waste materials, they are fully compatible with current aircraft and fuel infrastructure and have the potential to emit fewer greenhouse gases than fossil fuels. Energy, environmental and greenhouse gas effects of using alternative fuels in cement production jiao zhang. Guidelines for the selection and use of fuels and raw materials in the cement manufacturing process world business council for sustainable development, 2005. Turkey seeks alternatives turkey seeks alternatives.
Cement industry in india is a fast growing sector and is expected to. Handbook of alternative fuel technologies green chemistry and chemical engineering lee, sunggyu, speight, james g. The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the. The decisive factors promoting the use of cement kilns for the utilization of wastes alternative fuels are. Eia report for development for further replacement of fossil. Beverage cartons as an alternative fuel and raw material. Raw materials manufacturing steps process design chapter 5 processing steps common to all materials. Volume 1 presents the basic conditions for the use of alternative fuels and raw materials. The logical structure and the descriptive link between theory and practice make the book a successful reference work for both. W hat is a fuel used for fuels are mostly used as convenient energy stores because of their high specific energy release when burnt with omnipresent ambient air or other specific oxidiser. Aug 1, 2017 increasing the use of alternative fuels at cement. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry.
Excerpts taken from the alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 published on jul 5, 2012. National renewable energy laboratory, golden, colorado. Coprocessing of wastes as alternative fuels and raw materials afr for energy and material recovery has been practiced in the cement industry for 40 years. Energy, environmental and greenhouse gas effects of using. The potential use of wood residues for energy generation. The use of alternative fuels can potentially lower emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and reduce americas dependence on imported oil. Alternative fuels and potential material compatibility issues neiwpcc. High belite cement from alternative raw materials ghorab. Alternative raw materials and fuels heidelbergcement group. The alternative fuels data center afdc provides a wealth of information and data on alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, fuelsaving strategies, and emerging transportation technologies.
Cement plant environmental handbook second edition november. Afrhandbook vol 12 contents waste management cement. Afrhandbook vol 12 contents free download as pdf file. The first stage is the preparation of raw materials, such as limestone, clays, shale and iron. A range of nontraditional or alternative materials can be used in cement production where such materials retain a calorific value replacing traditional fossil fuels, or where there is a material substitution value replacing natural raw materials. High belite cement from alternative raw materials three high belite laboratory clinkers were prepared from traditional and alternative raw materials.
The concept of alternative fuel and raw materials afr is introduced to utilize municipal and. History and overview of alternative raw materials and fuels. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 by mvw. Types of alternative fuels include biodiesel, electricity, methanol and ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, propane and new fuels still under development, called emerging fuels. The book addresses several material flows, including iron, steel, aluminum. System materials risk factors metals and nonmetals fuel chemistry biodiesel e10 and e85 conclusion. However, they can be effectively used as both an alternative fuel and alternative raw material source for the cement industry, as dirk lechtenberg highlights in this article, which features information from the mvw alternative fuels and raw materials handbook. Eia report for development for further replacement of. Cement production consumes large quantities of raw materials and.
Pdf alternative fuels from waste products in cement industry. The alternative fuels and raw materials handbook consists of two volumes covering the entire range of aspects of afr. The alternative fuels program is working hard to promote the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles in new york city but its main challenge is to develop refueling sites for alternative fuels. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies for. The use of alternative fuels in the cement industry and their emission.
Alternative fuels is a name given to a specific group of fuel sources in 1992 by the united states department of energy. It will follow a dualtrack program focusing on alternative fuels waste to energy, municipal waste, rdf, agricultural residues, paper, pulp waste and alternative raw materials slag, flyash, pozzolana, gathering international attendees and toplevel speakers to share global. The proper use of alternative fuels and materials in the cement industry is essential for the planning and promotion of different methods that can decrease the environmental impacts, lower the. We use alternative raw materials for the production of clinker, which is the most important intermediate product in the manufacture of cement. Key sections covering raw materials, burning, grinding and quality control are supported by a range of chapters addressing critial topics such as maintenance and plant reporting, alongside a detailed appendix with essential process calculations. Alternative fuel utilization began in the mid 1980s. The cement industry is also adapted for a circular economy through the application of alternative raw materials and clinker substitution. Alternative fuels and secondary fuels as a new raw material. Liquid fuels are mainly obtained from the crude oil. Alternative fuels used in transportation us department of. Alternative fuels and raw materials handbook, volume 1 issuu. Fossil fuels petroleum, coal, and nuclear materials such as uranium. Sustainable alternative fuels sustainable alternative fuels offer a promising solution to reduce aviations carbon footprint. Vecoplan provides the processing technology required to manufacture speci.
Uses of alternative fuels and raw materials in the cement. The proper use of alternative fuels and materials in the cement industry is essential for the planning and promotion of different methods that can decrease the environmental impacts, lower the consumption of energy and material resources, and reduce the economic costs of this industry. Guidelines for coprocessing fuels and raw materials in. The conservation of natural resources is part of our sustainable business strategy. Alternative fuels and secondary fuels as a new raw.
Some of the common and special liquid fuels and oxidizers are listed in table 3. Hansjrg diller alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and. Other alternative fuels this book is about the small scale production of ethanol for use as a motor fuel. This revised version of the guidelines for coprocessing of fuels and raw materials in cement manufacturing provides a technical overview of key issues and guiding principles relating to the responsible selection and use of fuels and. Pdf on mar 18, 2018, ibrahim ismail and others published alternative fuels from waste products in cement. Ontarios cement sector is looking to do its part to help by seeking opportunities to reduce their ghg emissions.
Uses of alternative fuels and raw materials in the cement industry as sustainable waste management options. That is why we make greater use of waste materials and byproducts from other industries as valuable raw materials and fuels. The use of renewable and alternative energy sources. Coprocessing of alternative fuels and raw materials and treatment of organic hazardous wastes in cement kilns international experiences and best practice dr. Excerpts taken from the alternative fuels and raw materials handbook for the cement and lime industry. Although the factors differ from country to country and cannot be generalized, there are major concerns regarding shortage of raw materials, ghg emissions, dependence on fossil fuels and lack of investment in technological innovations. Alternative fuels research clean automotive technology. The second volume of the handbook, to be published at the end of 2012, will provide essential information about more than 40 different types of alternative fuels and raw materials with detailed. The use of alternative fuels and raw material is common practice in the european cement industry. Alternative fuel use in cement manufacturing iii 3. The document also contained details on alternative fuel use in different.
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